Is the Carnegie Unit Holding back Higher Education?

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The Carnegie Unit is a bit of an enigma. It is one of those things that most people know about, but few understand its true impact. What is the Carnegie Unit? Simply put, it is a measure of time that students spend studying a subject. Sometimes it is referred to as credit hours or contact hours. It can be broken down into minutes, weeks, semesters, terms, or years. But what might seem like a benign measurement has a significant impact on academic institutions around the world.

The Carnegie Unit measures the amount of time a student has studied a subject. It also serves to standardize education for degree, certificate, or diploma completion. The Carnegie Unit (and variations of it) has a significant impact on the deep structures of academic institutions. While the intention may have been good, it has had some unintended consequences.

A time-based education model means all degrees, diplomas, and certificates require a similar number of years to complete. Whether the program is chemistry, philosophy, business, or biology; students are required to attend the same amount of time to attain the degree. It is difficult, if not impossible to rationalize that a degree in anthropology or biology require the same amount of time to complete.

The Carnegie unit (and variations) is also used to define student loans and funding parameters. Financial aid is based on credit hours and students are ineligible for programs that do not meet the requirements. Programs that could have been completed in six months can end up expanded to meet funding requirements to increase enrollment.

It is time for us to re-think the way we measure and evaluate learning. Moving away from the Carnegie Unit and its variations would benefit learners. Learners can complete programs at their own pace and skill level. This would also result in learners entering the job market at a faster rate. Programs would be designed to only include core content rather than developed to meet the requirements of academic calendars.

The Carnegie Unit was designed for a world that no longer exists, yet it continues to have a stranglehold on higher education. It is important to be aware of its implications and to think critically about the way it shapes our institutions. Educational leaders who develop alternative systems based on mastery or competency will have a significant competitive advantage.